Check this out: "By 1710, Logan succeeded Trent and Norris in the mercantile
trade. He rented a warehouse on the Delaware
River, into which he accumulated goods, mostly furs, and then made
up cargoes for England. He also had a
store where he retailed, handled a variety of goods, sold slaves, and
acted as the political boss of the
propriety government." http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/APHistory/Sadowski/body_sadowski.html
And this"In 1718 both sons of Edmund and Mary Cartledge were found on
tax assessment rolls. Edmund was the collector of taxes in Chester
County, Pennsylvania. The two brothers were among the few Quakers who
embarked in Indian trade. John and Edmund Cartledge are
mentioned as fur traders for James Logan. John kept the trading post
at Conestoga for James Logan."http://www.cartar.com/papers/cartledge/cartledge.htm
Ben Franklin's Pennsylvania GAZETTE 1729 - 1747 GREAT. Transcribed text
"White settlers from the Palatine and Ireland arrive in great numbers
and fill up the part of Pennsylvania purchased from the Indians. Some Squatters
begin to
invade Indian land. Complaints from the Indians are heard.
1731 - Logan shows a map to Council in which the French claim everything
west of the Susquehannah River. The French begin to cultivate the Shawnee
with gifts
and bring the Chiefs to Montreal. He writes a memorial to Robert Walpole
in London, pointing out the danger of the French threat to the colonies.
He urges the
crown to have a unified Indian and military policy in America.
1732 - He convinces Thomas Penn to come to America to negotiate with
the Iroquois, who supposedly hold the Pennsylvania tribes as vassals. The
Seneca chief
Hetaquantagechty led the Iroquois delegation and Logan and Weiser assisted
Penn. The meet in the Great MeetingHouse (Arch St., Philadelphia). Later,
they also
negotiated with the Delaware chief, Saaoonan for the lands on the upper
Schuylkill, east and west of Tulpehocken.
1732 - His near monopoly in the fur trade is eroded during this and
the next several years as English firms with cheaper trade goods (giving
the traders and
Indians better bargains) compete successfully against him.
1736 - While Logan is President of Council, Cresap's war between settlers
from Pennsylvania and Maryland breaks out along the Susquehannah. It ends
about a
year after Sheriff Samuel Smith captures Thomas Cresap and sends him
to Philadelphia. This is the same Cresap who later is a partner of George
Washington's in
the Ohio Company.
1736-7 Logan's negotiations with the Delaware Indians living at the
forks of the Delaware River are less successful. Nutimus, Lapppawinzoe,
Tishecunk and the
other chiefs would not agree that Penn had purchased this land in 1686.
He then, with Conrad Weiser accomplishes the Walking Purchase strategem.
In the deed
of 1686 the Delaware had agreed to give up land that a man could walk
in a day and a half. Not all of this land had been walked off. Logan had
a path cleared
through the woods, than ran a relay race for the day left on the purchase,
thus securing a claim to the land beyond the Delaware Water Gap (the Indians
had really
only agreed up to the Tohickon Creek, Bucks county). The runners had
covered 60 miles in a day. Logan revised this slightly in the Indian's
favor back to the
Kittaniny mountain (Delaware Water Gap). A reservation of 10 square
miles was set aside in the purchase as hunting grounds for the Delaware.
The Indians
refused to leave, justifiably claiming trickery, and Logan did not
move to evict them.
1741 - Conrad Weiser, the Indian agent, with Logan's support writes
a pamphlet urging Quakers to step down from Government, seeing a looming
French and
Indian war likely. In 1747, Benjamin Franklin and others formed militias
without authority from the Quaker legislature called Associators. Logan,
who is no
pacifist approves. In 1756, during the French and Indian War, the Quaker
legislators do resign or not stand for re-election because their pacifism
made them
unable to help defend the colony.
June 1742 - Another conference with the Iroquois, this time led by Canasatego.
At this conference old treaties are reaffirmed and the Iroquois tell the
Delaware to
leave the forks of the Delaware in favor of the Walking Purchase. After
this conference, Gov. Thomas, Conrad Weiser and Richard Peters take over
most of the
responsibilities for Indian Affairs, as Logan is retired. Soon George
Croghan's voice is added too.
1744 - Indian conference at Lancaster. After this conference, William Johnson is the most important man in America concerning Indian affairs, replacing Logan
October 31, 1751 - James Logan dies in Philadelphia. He is buried near
today's Arch Street Meeting House, probably under its parking lot. He was
a member of
the Religious Society of Friends throughout his life, although he was
often eldered about his stances on political issues and war (he was not
a pacifist like most
Quakers)
May 16, 1754 - Sarah Read Logan dies. Note: Sarah's sister Rachel married
Israel Pemberton and Rachel's son, Israel Pemberton, was a prominent pacifist
Quaker
leader of the Pennsylvania Assembly at the outbreak of the French and
Indian war that broke out after James Logan's death."An
abstract of the life of James Logan Source cited: James Logan and the
Culture of Provincial Pennsylvania by Frederick B. Tolles (1957) From Gwynned
Friends Meeting webpages
"
transcripts regarding Indian stuff 1728 and so , references to Indian
Unrest and Blunstone [MINUTES OF THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF PENNSYLVANIA,
(September 1, 1728), In: Minutes of the Provincial Council of
Pennsylvania, Vol. 3, pp. 329-331.
INSTRUCTIONS TO WRIGHT & BLUNSTONE,
(September 2, 1728), Gordon, Patrick? in: Pennsylvania Archives, First
Series, Vol. I, pp.
229-232. ] THE
OHIO VALLEY-GREAT LAKES ETHNOHISTORY ARCHIVES: THE MIAMI COLLECTION
James Logan enjoys a reputation as an adept and just diplomat with the Natives of the region of Pennsylvania. This is in part because of the reputation of his employer, William Penn. Included in his bio in this regard is frequent mention of the Mingo Chief James Logan, named for our ancestor.
The
Walking Purchase [from Penssylvania Historical and Manuscript Commision]
in detail narrative
The Manuscript itself:
"The Pennsylvania State Archives. Doc Heritage Transcripts The
Walking Purchase. The following transcript is taken from the published
Pennsylvania Archives, First Series, Vol. 1, pp. 541-543. "
"And so Penn and his agents began the process of buying land from its
Native 'holders'.
These holders were various Delaware chiefs, and not as legend has it
the Iroquois. Despite
the fact that this (mostly) New York State Confederacy of the 'Five
Nations' had defeated the
Delaware, they did not have the power the sell the land. As Francis
Jennings points out, this
misreading of the situation resulted from the fact that the Delaware
played the role of
peacemaker among various quarreling tribes. As Native women often mediated
disputes, the
Delaware held the position of the 'woman' in this arrangement. Europeans
wrongly assumed
that the 'woman' position signified a lack of rights and lack of power.
However, they were
correct in assessing that the Iroquois held the most power, though
Penn thought that
politics, at least dealing with Indians, were local so he favored the
less militarily powerful
Delaware. "
GREAT SITE From The American Studies webpages mounted by the Univ of
Virginia Penn
and the Indians
"Logan, James (c. 1725-1780), Mingo Indian, famous in his own time as
an ally of English colonials; succeeding generations remember the
tragedy that befell him and the
lament he made in response....He is worth notice for his role in processes
and relationships peculiar to the frontier region where colonials and tribesmen
mingled. Firmly loyal
to Pennsylvania and its Iroquois
allies, Logan's father served as intermediary between the colony and its
tribes. Soyechtowa admired his father's
Pennsylvania friend, Secretary
James Logan (1674-1751), so much that he followed a widely practiced Indian
custom and took James Logan as
his own name. " From American
National Biography on Line , James
Logan [indian] biopay for subscrption, somehow got here
"The indigenous peoples in the area settled by early immigrants to Pennsylvania
were not numerous. Possibly, not more than 15,000 lived within the colony's
boundaries. Those who inhabited the area settled by the early colonists
were the Lenni Lenape, called by the English the Delaware. They were divided
into several
sub-groups, including the Munsee (Wolf), Unalachtigos (Turkey), and
Unamis (Turtle). Other groups inhabiting the interior of the province included
the Shawnee,
who were scattered throughout the area, the Seneca in the Northwest,
and the Susquehannocks, along the lower Susquehanna River, but who had
abandoned that
area by the time of Penn's arrival......Holme wrote to Lenni Lenape
leaders Shakhoppen, Secane, Mailibar, and Tangoras, identifying the area
that he had purchased and what he had paid for it. He also indicated that
"Benjamin ChambersÖ with a convenient number of friends to assist him"
would "mark out a westerly line" that was to run from the Delaware to the
Susquehanna River in the vicinity of present-day Washington Boro......
Holme's letter reveals much about Penn's relationship with the native
people and their culture. He acknowledged the leadership of
the "Indian Kings" and addressed them as "my very loving friends" from
whom he had purchased land of which they were the
rightful owners and which he intended to have defined on a map. Nevertheless,
he demonstrated his awareness of their possible
hostility by warning that he did not expect opposition but rather cooperation
from them. He described the extent of the purchase in
their terms, as the distance a man could "go in two days," which would
have required fast walking. The distance between the
Delaware and Susquehanna was more than sixty miles. Holme paid for the
purchase in Indian currency: "Two hundred fathom of
Wampum" and goods such as shirts, shoes, knives, bells, tobacco boxes,
and (inconsistently) guns......
The map that Holme commissioned Chambers to draw is inclusive. It identified
the Delaware's tributaries, including the Schuylkill
River; both branches of the Brandywine; Darby, Crum, Ridley, and Chester
Creeks as well as rivulets, runs, brooks, and rivers such
as the Conestoga farther into the interior. Transportation arteries including
Indian paths are marked. Also important are the
structures Chambers noted. Houses suggest that even at this early date
(1685) rural areas well beyond Philadelphia were inhabited,
and the mills indicate the area's economic activities. Evidence that the
Susquehannock Indians had departed from the lower
Susquehanna River Valley is provided by the labels "Fort Demolished" at
the sites of their former towns along the Susquehanna
River."2
"Logan was the Penn family's chief negotiator with the Indians
and an imperial statesman who
early advocated strong Indian alliances as protection against French territorial
inroads from the
north and west. Logan represented the interests of the council during a
visit to the Ohio frontier in
1705 and quickly earned the trust of the Indians that he visited. Out of
respect, the chief of the
Cayugas named his son Logan." "James
Logan" brief bio from University of Pennsylvania Webpages
"Loganís ideas of focusing primarily on the Iroquois Confederation
controlled the Indian policy of Pennsylvania after 1732 up until the Revolutionary
War. Logan foresaw the problems that
would be caused by the Scot-Irish ìsettlingî in the western territories
still owned by the Indians. They would kill the natives turning them from
friends into enemies. Logan suspected also,
that the French would lay claim to territory south and east of
Lake Erie extending into western Pennsylvania. Logan, knowing the Quaker-run
Assembly would not support military defense
proposed an alliance with the Six Nations as security against
the French. Logan did not always abide by William and Hannah Pennís policy
of fairness to the Indians ? treating the Indians as
prior owners of the ìPennsylvaniaî land and entitling them to
the same legal consideration as Europeans in trade." Provincial Governors
Historical Sketches James
Logan Term 45, 1736-1738 from the webpages of the Allison-Antrim Museum,
Greencastle, Penna
The Penns began selling land in regions given to them by the Crown but not yet ceded by treaty, and James Logan sold land in the area as well, a large portion of his fortune was made from land speculation and as a result of increasing settlement and interest in the area, clear title was needed to the upper Delaware and Lehigh River valleys. The land encompassed in the 1736 treaty with the Iroquois involved the homes of The Delaware, subservient to the Iroquois, and moved from their native New Jersey into the interiors of Pennsylvania since the 1786 bogus deed the Penns stated was made between the Indians and the region of Pennsylvania under discussion, no original copy of which could be produced and no record of which is found in provincial land records. There was a deed from the Iroquois giving up the area, and so in 1737 the Delaware were forced to relinquish it. Surveying it was a different matter. The deed with the Iroquois involved a walk into the interior "as far as a Man could walk in a day and half", a typical Indian measurement of space, and extended from the Delaware River near Wrightstown to the northwest. James Logan "hired three men to "walk off," the area who were accompanied initially by several Indians. The "walk" ended well into the Lehigh River Valley, near what is now the borough of Jim Thorpe, formerly Mauch Chunk, at the foothills of the Blue Mountains. Instead of projecting the boundary due east, provincial surveyors drew the line at right angles to the Upper Delaware River, near the New York border....... Also, because the Penns had sent scouting parties to clear the route and had recruited outdoorsmen to travel it, the area that the walk covered became half again to twice the distance that the Indians normally traveled a "day and half." Two of the three hired "walkers" were unable to maintain the fast pace and dropped out. The third eventually collapsed in near exhaustion. The Delaware early had withdrawn in disgust, complaining bitterly that the white men did not "walk fair." Consequently, the outraged Delaware refused to leave the land, whereupon, provincial officials called on the Iroquois to force them out. This they did in 1741, informing the Delaware that as a subject people they had no right to sell land in the first place and insulting them by calling them "women." " 1
Although initially getting what they wanted [land in the upper delaware
and lehigh valleys] , Logan and Penn's sons John and Thomas Penn
gave the fuel to the fire of the 1755 Indian incursions into the frontiers
of Pennsylvania, in which so many farms were burned and persons killed
or taken captive.
Logan and the Penns " indicated clearly that they had abandoned
William Penn's policy of fairness
toward the Indians. They seemed to have had no qualms about using one group
of
Indians to cheat another out of its land." Most Delawares moved north,
where they developed relationships with the French, and willingly made
the raids into Pennsylvania and their former land on behalf of that entity
in the period of the French and Indian war. "the Delaware moved down
the Susquehanna and ravaged Pennsylvania's frontier......The Quaker Party
in the provincial legislature charged, probably validly, that the Delawares'
actions were the direct result of the "Walking Purchase." 1
As a result of this unfair practice, a turning point in the Proprietary's treatment to the natives ,
1. Walking purchase 1737, james logan relevant, from the Pennsylvnia Archives
2 CHAMBERS MAP FROM THE DELAWARE TO THE SUSUQUEHANNA, 1685 . Doc Heritage pages of the Pennsylvania Archives.